Frontier Market Part 2

 England lalnu Elizabeth phalna charter hmangin kum 1600 khan East India Company chu India ramah sumdawng turin an lo kal a.  English wool, cotton, iron etc te hi England atangin a thawn chhuak a, paper, spices, silk leh porcelain te England-ah an la lut thung a ni. Kum 1669 khan khawvel market a thingpui sumdawnna hi a hlawk em avangin an zuang lut ve ta a. 222 pounds of tea chu Amoi port of Fujian China atangin England-ah an thawn lut a ni. Heta tang hian Britain ramah pawh thingpui demand a lo sang chho ta vak mai a. Kum 1830 atang khan thingpui huan siam hi East India Company hian India ramah an lo ching chho tan ta a ni. Kum 1835 khan Governor of India chuan Bruce bothers te chu Assam a tea garden siamna thuneihna a pe a ni. Chuta tang chuan Assam Tea Company chu din a ni a. China atangin mithiam an chah a, Cachar hmun phaizawlah hian Tea Garden chu mingo ho enkawl tur ngeiin an nei ta thluah mai a ni.

 

Kum 1871 khan Alexanderpore tea garden chu Bengkhuaia hote chuan an bei chiam mai a. Helai hmun a thawk Scottish James Winchester chu thah a ni a. A fanu mary Winchester pawh chu sala hruai a ni a. Hei hi Lushai te tan fungah chuan an ram sovereignty an rawn ti buai tih a ni a. Bengkhuaia thusawiah hian a ti lang chiang awm e: “Nang ni pasaltha, kawng engkima kan khawtlang timawitu leh veng himtu, engkima kan engkim in ni a. Khawvelah hian ngam loh leh hneh loh in neih pawh ka ring bik lo. Kan ram min rawn chuh buai tur leh min rawn sih hek turah te phei hi chuan lu chum ban chum huam a tang ngam vek tur in ni tih ka hai lo che u. Ka lo hrat angin, kan ram chhuahna hmun ber, a ngho pawh themtleng chen chen Sai in kahna thin kha tu ten emaw an lo vat chereu a ni awm a, ka thin a ur a, nangni meuh in chet a, in thawhchhuah a ngai ta a nih hi. Dam tak leh tluang takin in kal ang a, hlawhtling taka in lo haw leh ka beisei tlat che u a. In lo haw hunah ropui takin kan lo hmuak dawn che u a nia.” British ho tan chuan an sumdawnna hmun pui tea garden te venhim chu an tih makmawh a ni a. Chutianga rawn ti buai leh rawn run fo mai Lushai ho chu an hriat chian a ngai a ni. Military Department lam chuan Lushai ho chanchin hre turin tunhnai lawk a tlang lam a han kal Mathura Burman chu an ko  vat a. Mathura Burman hi medicine man a ni a, Mizo lal Suakpuilala nu Pi Buki damlo enkawl turin a han kal a ni. Ani chuan Suakpuilala chanchin a sawi a, Suakpuilala chuan Cachar sumdawnnaah thuneih a duh thu a lo sawi a. Chhim lam Lushai lal te’n gun powder leh sulphur, ramhnuai bazaar Kolashur, an tih mai an la fo mai chu a thik a ni. Heta tanga lang chiang ta em em chu Informal trade kan tih hi hma khawsang atangin a lo awm a ni. Bengalee sumdawng leh medicine men te hian chhan hrang hrang avangin Lushai ho awmna ah hian ralmuang takin an han kal fo a ni.

 Lushai Hills awmna hi a pawimawh em em a, Cachar district of Assam, Sylhet district of Bangladesh leh Chin Hills Burma in kar a awm a ni a. Khatih laia lawngchawlhna hnai ber chu Chittagong a ni. Anglo Burmese War kum 1824-26 ah khan Assam a kum sang tam tak ro lo rel thin Ahom hnen atangin East India Company chuan thuneihna an rawn nei ta a. East India Company hian Assam natural resources a hausa tih hi a hrechiang a. Chumi avang chuan Chittagong atang hian sumdawnna beihpui a rawn thlak a ni. An sumdawnna zauhna laka harsatna thlentu chu an tan chuan hmelma an lo ni ta a ni.

 Lushaite’n phai lam mite an run thu hi British record-ah chuan kum 1843 khan kan hmu tan a. 16 April 1843 ah chuan Lushaite chuan Kachu Bari, Manipur Colony, Sylhet district a mi chu an run a. Record uchuak (romanticized) deuh mai ziah a ni a, Lushaite hian an lal Lalchukla pa thih champha atan mi lu an mamawh ni a sawi a ni a. British Political agent kha chhui tur a tih a ni a. Chumi report-ah chuan an zuk beih nachhan hi Manipur Bazaar buaina vang zawk a lo ni a. he Bazaar hmun hi East India Company territory a awm a ni a. Manipuri helai awm te chuan Lushai sumdawng a lo kal te chu an lo vel a lo ni a. hemi bakah hian buaina dang a awm a. Lushaite leh Mainipurte hian Bazaar awmna hmun chungchangah hian in rem lohna an nei a. Raja of Tiperra (Tripura) chuan  British thuneitute hnenah Manipur ho awmna lai chu a ram chhung ni in a sawi a. Lushai lal Lalchukla hi Raja of Tiperra nen hian sumdawnna tha tak neiin in thian tha sa an ni a. Hemi avang hian Lushai lal chuan Manipur Bazaar hmun hi a beih chhan niin an sawi a ni. British ho chuan mawhphurhna la tu Lalchukla chu an man a, Raja of Tiperra pawh chuan a chhan ngam ta lo a.

Lushai mite leh phaizawla chengte insumdawn tawnna hi hunrei taka atanga lo kal tawh a ni a. Colonial record hmasa lam te kan en chuan Lushaite hian phaizawlah te hian sumdawnna nei turin an tlawh fo a. Phaizawl a chengte pawn an han tlawh fo thin tih kan hmu a ni. Cachar phaizawlah hian Sai a tam em em a, Saingho a in sumdawn tawnna hi Rubber sumdawnna awm hma atanga frontierah hian awm tawh a ni. Sai ngho hi Mughal hunlai te kha chuan demand a sang em em a. Cachar phaizawl a Saingho tam tak hi Chittagong atangin Banglee sumdawng ho hnenah hralh thin a ni a. Chutiang taka pawimawh a nih avang chuan Government of India pawhin Cachar hmun a Sai manna tur Kheddah method an siam ta thuai a, chu chu Military Department hnuaiah kal puiin Cachar-Lushai frontier hmunah hian Sai an man ta thin a ni. Hetih lai hian ramri rin mumal a la awm loh avangin Sai man tur hian Lushai ho awmna tlang ram thlengin an han kal ta thin a. Hei tak mai hi Lushai ho chuan an ram rawn lut niin an hria a, “Kan sai ram pelhna an dal” an tih nachhan kha a ni. Chumai bakah East India Company chuan Chittagong atangin Assam lam sumdawnna nasa takin hma a la a. Thingpui sumdawnna hi Europe market a demand a san avangin Cachar phaizawlah hian Mingote ngei enkawl turin Thingpui huan an rawn nei ta chum chum mai a ni. Hei hi Lushai mite chuan an duh lo hle a, Sai ram pelna hmun an rawn ti buai bawk a ni. Saigho hrim hrim hi bazaar mumal din a nih hma khan Lushaite hian bengalee ho hnenah an lo hralh thin a, an sumdawnna lo chawk buaia an ram thleng a rawn lut chu an ngai thei ta lo a ni.  Kum 1862 khan British te chuan Kheddah method hi an ti tawp a. Hemi hnu hian rubber a sumdawnna hi a lo in tan chho leh tih kan hmu a.

Lushai lalte hian mi dang an run chhan hi tam tak a awm thei ang. Captives (Sal) an lak te hi loneihna a labour atan an hman tangkai vang a ni a. Chumai bakah captives te hi Silai nen thleng thin avangin a hlawk a ni. Company Officialte chuan hetianga insuam/in run leh mai thin hi an ngaimawh hle a. Vawiin a sumdawng a lo kal kha a tuk lehah chuan raider a ni leh thei bawk a. Phaizawl bazaar an lo kal fo chu a him lo a. Lushai Hills a bazaar han siam chilh law law chu fuh zawk a hriatna an nei a ni. A hma tarlan tawh ang khan heng Lushaite hian phaimite nen a in sudawn tawn hi an duh tih a hriat a ni.

 Frontier Bazaar lo in tanna:

Hun a lo liam zel a, Lushaite chuan Britishte hi hmelma en lo in tanpui (ally) angin an en chho tan ta a. Kum 1850 chuan Lushai thenkhat chuan Captain Verner, Superintendent of Cachar hnenah phaizawla awmte nen in sumdawn tawn an duh thu an hrilh a. A hma lam a Bengalee ho nen in sumdawnna an lo neih fo tawh avangin British ho pawh chuan sumdawnna phal sak chu tha in an hria a ni. Chumai bakah frontier venhim nan leh muanna awm nan thil tha tak niin an ngai a ni.

 British mite khan Lushai lalte thuneihna hi an zah sak ve hle a. Chutih laiin 126 mile a thui thingpui huan chu venhim an duh avangin riverine bazaar hmangin inkungkaihna tha siam an tum ta a ni. Hetiang a nih avang hian Military Expedition (1871-72) hnu-ah khan he in sumdawn tawnna hi an tan chho ta a ni. Northern Lushai hills lamah chuan Bazaar pa thum luipui kamah an din ta phawt a ni.

Sonai bazaar : He bazaar enkawlna hnathawktu leh luah man khawn tu Patron chu Western chief - Kalkhama a ni a.  Location: Sonai (Tuirial) River served as the line of demarcation between the eastern and western territories;

Tipaimukh bazaar: He bazaar enkawlna hnathawktu leh luah man khawn tu Patron chu Eastern chiefs (especially chief Pawihbawiha). Location: Confluence of the Barak and Tuivai rivers, separating the Lushai and Manipur hills; also accessed by chiefs from the southern Lushai hills such as the Bengkhuaia and Savunga.

Changsil bazaar :He bazaar enkawlna hnathawktu leh luah man khawn tu Patron chu Western chiefs (patronised mainly by Suakpuilala). Location: River Dhaleswar (Tlawng).

Tlabung bazaar (Demagiri): TH Lewin hma lakna in Tlabung-ah hian bazaar siam a ni.

British ho lo kal hma hian Chittagong border ah te, Burma ramah te, extreme south lamah Arakanese te nen hian suamdawnna an lo kal pui tawh bawk a ni.

 Lushai chief  te hian luah man an khawn a, a luah man hi a hmun a zirin a dang ve thliah hlawm. A hma Saingho in sumdawng tawn thin kha main item chu Rubber a lo ni ta a. Lushai rubber hian Calcutta  Bazaar chawmtu ber pakhat a ni a. Khatih hunlai khan Indian rubber te hi US, England leh European marketah demand a sang em em a ni. Lushai te chauh hi he Rubber sumdawnna en neih pui hi an ni lo a. Naga te, Garo, Mikirs te nen pawh an nei ho a ni. Achang chuan a man tla hniam leh duai thin chuan Bazaar hmun a sumdawngte a ti buai thin hle a. Chumai bakah Rubber an hnai zawh tawh avangin tih reng theih a lo ni lo a. Rubber chu cotton, wax, bamboo ten a lo thlak chho ta a. Amaherawhchu a hma vung tak a kal ang kha a ni thei meuh tawh lo a ni.

 Inkungkaihna tha siamna tana Bazaar hmun an siam hi chhan hrang hrang, lalte in tihthiam loh vang te, luah man san lutuk tak avangte,  bazaar suam (raid) ching lal an awm fo vangte in loh theih lohin khar a lo ngai ta a. British ho tan chuan Bazaar ber a fail takah chuan Lushaite control theih dan ber chu an ram han awp tawp mai kha a ni. Hemi avang hian Luhsai Hills chu awpbeh a lo ni ta a, kan culture sawi danglam khawpin he in awpbehna hian nghawng a rawn nei ta hial a ni.

 Riverine frontier market kan zir hian thil pawimawh em em mai chu Mizote hian hmakhawsang atangin sumdawnna kan lo hmelhriat ve tawh tih te, chu an sumdawnna chu an hriat phak bakin khawvel market a lo thlun zawm reng mai tih te kan hriat phah a. Sumdawnna hi British ho khan tlang mite nen inkungkaihna that nan an rawn siam a. Hetah hian inkungkaihna tha aimahin an sumdawnna hmun tea garden venhim an ngaihpawimawh vang niin a hriat. A tawp berah chuan Mizote thluak hian hmakhawsang atangin khawvel a ngam ve a ni tih hi kan zir chhuah a ni e.

Lushai tih hi tun a Mizo kan tih nen hian in ang khat a ni a. Lushai ti a ka hmanna chhan chu khatihlai record a chuan dan a nih vang a ni.